Zero-Shot vs. Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Python Code Generation: Separating Execution, Functional Correctness, and Judged Quality. Preprint, Zenodo, November 2026.
A case study of 180 Python programs from GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Gemini 2.0 Flash, built on my undergraduate thesis. Chain-of-thought prompting gave no uniform advantage, and the direction of the judge-score difference flipped depending on how failed assessments were counted, so execution, functional correctness, and judged quality need to be reported separately.